Internal-combustion hydraulic pump



G. GRIFFITH.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION HYDRAULIC PUMP.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT.20.191B.

1,327,036. Patented Jan. 6, 1920.

2 sHEETs-sHEET 1.

N INVEN 727R e. GRIFFITH.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION HYDRAULIC PUMP.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT.20, 1918.

1 ,327,036, Patented Jan. 6, 1920.

2 SHEETSSHEET 2.

GRAVES GRIFFITH, OF SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION HYDRAULIC PUMP.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. 6, 1920.

Application filed September 20, 1918. Serial No. 254,930.

,enters following the combustion of a combustible charge in one or theother of the said combustion heads.

A principal object of my invention is to provide, in a pumping apparatusof the character named, means whereby the dynamic energy of theexplosion of a combustible charge may be transmitted, as a kineticforce, to a body of liquid and the momentum thus obtained applied to thecompression of an elastic fluid, the force thus secured being againtransformed into power through the agency of a turbine.

An additional object of my invention is to provide, in a pumpingapparatus of the character described, means whereby the impulse impartedto a body of liquid by the explosion of a combustible charge upon itssurface may be utilized in the compression of an elastic fluid, theenergy thus secured being applied to the discharge of the liquid underaregulated pressure, an application par-- ticularly fitting it forpumping liquids into reservoirs at elevation, or for hydraulicking wherephysical conditions were such as to prevent the establishment of a headsufiicient to provide the necessary pressure.

A further object of my invention is to provide, in a pumping apparatusof the kind named, means whereby the degree of compression of acombustible charge may be varied from those requiring extraneous meansfor ignition, to compressions sufliciently high to produce the heatnecessary for ignition. Supplementary to the preceding is the provisionof means for regulating and gov erning, both as to time and quantity,the return liquid flow whereby the compression of the combustible chargeis effected.

In the accompanying drawing, forming a part of this specification and inwhich similar parts are designated by similar reference characters,Figure 1 represents ,a vertical longitudinal, sectional principally,view of my invention as applied to an impulse wheel.

Fig. 2 is a detail, viewed from in front, of the mechanism operating thecam-shaft that actuates the head valvular system.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged detail, through 22,

of the mechanism operating the fuel-cham ber valve.

Fig. 4 is a detail, partly in section, of the spring-control of thecurrent-operated gate actuating the movable parts.

Fig. 5 is a view similar to that of Fig. 1, but showing the arrangementof the valves and their actuating mechanism at anopposite phase of thecycle from that shown in Flg. 1. In Fig. 1, the arrangement of thesevalves and their actuating mechanism is that at the conclusion of aworking stroke in head 1, while the arrangement of these parts, as shownin Fig. 5, is that preceding the entry upon a working stroke in the head1'.

Fig. 6 is a detail of the fuel pipe 45 and check valve 60.

Fig. 7 is a detail of the means, dependent upon pressure, for making andbreaking the electric circuit, when the spark is relied upon for theignition of the fuel charge.

Fig. 8 is a detail of the cams 52, 52.

Fig. 9 is a modification, in detail, of the rack and pinion operatingvalve 42.

Referring more particularly to the drawing, 2 indicates an inlet conduitleading from a source of liquid supply, opening into a body-portion 4,and having therein a plurality of non-return valves 3. Combustion heads1, 1 communicate freely with the body-portion 4 and are supplied withexhaust valves 58, 58 having seats 59, 59 and open to atmosphere throughopenings 61, 61. The stems of the valves 58, 58 play through guides 56,56 and have heads 53, 58 against which the cams 52, 52 bear in openingthese valves. Springs 54, 54: close the valves 58, 58' immediately thecams 52, 52 pass beyond the heads 53, 53, and must be of a strengthsuflicient to resist atmospheric pressure at time of lowest negativepressure within the twin heads following an explosion and the cooling ofthe gases. Passages 4A, 44 lead respectively from the combustion heads1, 1 to a common fuelchamber 43, and are closed alternately by a valve42 carried in'bearings 41. The swinging motion necessary to this actionis secured through the operation of a rack 37 and pinion 38, driven froma crank 33 borne by a shaft 32, transmitted through a crankrod 36jointed at and working in guides 39, with crank-bearing at 34.Thecrankshaft, 32, bearing the cams 52, 52' and the crank 33, issupported at either end in bear ings carried by the arms 29, 29 and hasa bevel-wheel 31 in mesh with a second bevelwheel 28 carried on theshaft 27 of the ratchet-wheel 26. The ratio of the diameter of thebevel-wheel 31 to the diameter of the bevel-wheel 28 is that of 1 to 2.A means is Provided for actuating this valvular mechanism comprising aquadrant-toothed ratchet-wheel 26 operated by a crank-rod 23 terminatingin a ratchet 24 carrying guidelips 25 and a spiral spring 62 formaintaining position on and contact with the ratchetwhcel 26. Thecrank-rod 23 is connected-up with a rocker-arm 30 borne by a shaftbearing a current-gate 55 and a coiled spring 50 in a casing 35. Thelower portion of the crank-rod 23 is enlarged 22 and slotted 21, servingas a source of moving power and guide for the pin and arm 20 inoperating I the rotatoryvalve 19. Leading from the body-portion 4 is anoutlet conduit 4 con-,- trolled by a diaphragm 10 carrying a pluralityof non-return valves 7. Connecting freely with the conduit 4' is achamber 6 containing an elastic fluid, the compression of which servesto store energy. An'outlet 8, from the conduit 4, comprising a nozzle 12controlled by a valve 11 having a handwheel 9, is provided, throughwhich current for the operation of an impulse-wheel 13, 16 passes. Theshaft 14 of the impulse-wheel 13, 16 is carried in bearings havmgabasesupport 15. I

Compression of the fuel. charge 18 obtained through transference ofpressure from the chamber 6 to the body-portion 4 followlng theinduction of. the fuel charge and liquid into their respectivecompartments. The means provided for this purpose comprise a returnconduit 17 connecting the chamber 6 with the body-p0rtion 4, havingtherein valves 18 and 19, the former being handoperated and limiting thereturn liquid flow, the latter being operated from the crankrod 23 andgoverning this flow as to time. The fuel-charge enters the fuel-chamber43 through the pipe 45 having a check valve 60.

The apparatus functions as a two cycle internal combustion displacementpump, with the difference that instead of relying upon a resurge of aliquid column for both exhaust and compression, the action is simplifiedto the extent that the exhaust takes place near the close of the workingstroke with the gases still under some degree of tension, followedimmediately by the reseatingof the exhaust valve and a negativepressure, due to the cooling of the slight remaining residue of gases,and the induction of both a new fuel charge and liquid su ply, and theadmission of a predetermine degree of pressure for the compression ofthe fuel charge and its ignition.

In further illustration of the operation of the device, let it beassumed that ignition has taken place in combustion head 1, and that theseating of valve 58 has been retarded slightly for purpose ofexplanation, as shown. The gas expansion incidentto the explosion hasdriven liquid from the body-portion 4 through the valves 7 into theoutlet conduit 4 and onward into the chamber 6, compressing the elasticfluid therein. The forward rush of this current carries with it thecurrent-gate 55 through a quadrant swing, throwing the arm 30 from thedotted position to a vertical one, thrusting upward the rod 23, thewhich movement throwing the pin and arm 20 from the right to theposition shown, closing the valve 19, while at the same time the ratchettermination 24 has thrust over the ratchet-wheel 26 throu h a quarterrevolution, giving thereby a hal turn to the camshaft 32. The massmovement of the liquid, through its momentum, continuing after the forcegenerating it has expended itself, increases the space of negativepressure already referred to as having been created by the cooling andcontraction of the trifling residue of gases, thereby greatly adding tothe induction pull for the new gas and new liquid charge.

The moving having come to a state of rest, the coiled spring 50 swingsthe currentgate 55 back to the vertical, or dotted line, position, atthe same time reversing the direction of movement of the rod 23, therebyopening the valve 19 and admitting pressure for the compression of thenewly inducted fuel charge, and operation of the ignition means. Theignition means, where the heat generated by high pressures are notrelied upon for the purpose, comprise a head 49, actuated by aspring-governed piston 51, contacting with a spring-contact 48,insulated and having wire 47 connection, through a battery, with aspark-plug 46.

Upon ignition of the fuel charge in combustion head 1, a repetition ofthe movements previously described takes place, with the exception that,upon the semi-revolution of the cam-shaft 32, it is the cam 52 thatengages the head 53 opening temporarily the valve 58 for exhaust, andthe crank 33 operating to give the opposite throw to the valve 42opening the passage 44 and closing passage 44'. Reaction results asbefore, with the cycles continuing at will. For the initial start, itwill be required that there be introduced, manually or mechanically, afuel charge into one or the other of the combustion heads 1, 1, andcompression, as well, into the chamber 6.

Starting or stopping operation, under right conditions, is accomplishedby opening or closing the valve 18, the timing of the cycles being alsosecured through the same source, the degree of opening controlling it.

Whatever the direction of application of energy thus derived and stored,it may be directed through some such valve-controlled agency as thatrepresented by 8, 11, 12.

I claim:

l. In an internal combustion hydraulic apparatus, a body-portion havinginlet and outlet conduits, non return inlet and outlet valves therefor,twin combustion heads communicating freely with the said bodyportion, afuel-chamber common to the said twin combustion heads, passages fromsaid fuel-chaml. er communicating respectively with the said combustionheads, a valve within the said fuel chamber for closing alternately thesaid passages, an ignition means communicating with the interior of thesaid fuel-chamber, and means, dependent on pressure, for rendering thesaid ignition means operative.

2. In an internal combustion hydraulic apparatus, a body-portion havinginlet and outlet conduits, non-return inlet and outlet valves therefor,twin combustion heads communicating freely with the said body-portion,afucl-chamber common to the said twin combustion heads, passages fromthe said fuel-chamber communicating respec tively with the saidcombustion heads, a valve within the said fuel-chamber for closinalternately the said passages, an ignition means communicating with theinterior of the said fuel-chamber, means, dependent on pressure, forrendering the said ignition means operative, means for exhausting,alternately, the products of combustion from the said twin combustionheads, and a common means for actuating both the said exhaust means andthe said fuel-chamber valve.

In an internal combustion hydraulic apparatus, a bodyportion havinginlet and outlet conduits. 110nretu1'n inlet and outlet valves therefor,twin combustion heads communicating freely with the said body-portion, afuelrhamber common to the said twin winnlmstion heads, passages from thesaid fuel-cluimher communicating respectively with the said twincombustion heads, a valve within the. said fuel-ehambei for closing al-7 ternately the said passages, an ignitlon means communicating with theinterior of the said fuel-chamber, means, dependent on pressure, forrendering the said ignition means operative, means for exhausting,alternatel y. the products of combustion from the said twin combustionheads, a common means for actuating both the said exhaust means and thesaid fuel-chamber valve, a

shaft and ratchet for actuating the said common means, and a means,discharge and spring governed, for actuating the said shaft and ratchet.

4. In an internal combustion hydraulic apparatus, a body-portion havinginlet and outlet conduits, non-return inlet and outlet valves therefor,twin combustion heads communicating freely with the said body-portion, afuel-ehamber common to the said twin combustion heads, passages from thesaid fuel-chamber communicating respectively with the said combustionheads, a valve within the said fuel-chamber for closing alternately thesaid passages, an ignition means communicating with the interior of thesaid fuelchamber, means, dependent on pressure, for rendering the saidignition means operative, means for exhausting, alternately, theproducts of combustion from the said twin combustion heads, a commonmeans for actuating both the said exhaust means and the saidfuel-chamber valve, a shaft and atehet for actuating the said commonmeans, a means, discharge and spring governed, for actuating the saidshaft and ratchet, a compression chamber, and a controlledreturn-pressure means connecting the said compression chamber and thesaid bodyportion, comprising a conduit having valves therein and meansactuated by the said shaft for the operation of one of the said valves.

5. In an internal combustion hydraulic apparatus, a body-portion havinginlet and outlet conduits, non-return inlet and outlet valves therefor,twin combustion heads communicating freely with the said body-per tion,a fuel-chamber common to the said twin combustion heads, passages fromthe said fuel-chamber communicating respectively with the saidcombustion heads, a valve within the said fuel-chamber for closingalternately the said passages, means for introducing a combustiblemixture into the said fuel-chamber, an ignition means communicatin withthe interior of the said fuel-chem er, means, dependent on pressure, forrendering the said ignition means operative, means for exhausting,alternately, the products of combustion from the said twin combustionheads, a common means for actuating both the said exhaust means and thesaid fuel-chamber valve, a shaft and ratchet for actuating the saidcommon means, a means, discharge and spring governed, for actuating thesaid shaft and ratchet, a compression chamber, and a controlledreturnpressure means connecting the said compression chamber and thesaid body-portion, comprising a conduit having valves therein and meansactuated by the said shaft for the operation of one of the said valves.

GRAVES GRIFFITH,

